Originally Posted on Foxsports.com on April 25, 2006.
May 1st marks twelve years since Ayrton Senna was killed during the San Marino Grand Prix at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola, Italy. While leading the race, Senna slid off the track causing his right front tire to break off with its suspension. The tire and suspension hit Senna in the head, causing his death. Senna's death followed by one day the death of another Formula One driver, Roland Ratzenberger, at the same track.
Senna was and is regarded as one of (if not the) best Formula One drivers ever. Last weekend, another great driver, Michael Schumacher, captured his 66th pole - breaking a tie he held for most poles with Senna. Ironically, the race last weekend was at Imola.
The race following Senna's death was marred by a serious accident involving another Formula One driver. While this accident did not result in death, the press and public were disenchanted with the dangers of Formula One racing and began demanding new safety measures. In a twist of fate, Senna had been leading the charge for safety the morning of his death during an informal meeting with other drivers.
February 18th marked five years since Dale Earnhardt was killed during the Daytona 500. Earnhardt was and is regarded as one of (if not the) best stock car drivers ever. Earnhardt was on the final lap of the race when he crashed, ultimately dying from the head injuries he sustained. Earnhardt's death followed the deaths of Kenny Irwin, Adam Petty and Tony Roper.
Following Earnhardt's death, the public and the drivers were unhappy with driver safety and demanded that something be done to prevent any further racing deaths.
Fast forwarding to today, most race sanctioning bodies mandate the use of a HANS device (Head And Neck Support) for drivers. The device is to prevent the violent and often fatal head injuries sustained in high speed / high impact crashes. The HANS device was brought to the forefront in most American's minds after the death of Earnhardt, however, the device was available well before that.
And perhaps the tragedy is that the device was available to drivers before the death of Earnhardt and even before the death of Senna.
The HANS Device was developed by Dr. Robert Hubbard , a professor at Michigan State and his brother-in-law, Jim Downing, to prevent head injuries from racing accidents. After testing, the device was marketed in 1991 - a decade before Earnhardt's fatal crash.
In October of 1996, (after Senna's death), FIA, Mercedes-Benz, and McClaren contacted Hubbard and formed an agreement to adapt the device to Forumla One use.
Why mandate HANS? According to "Helping Hans" by Ross Stonefeld in Atlas F1:
Below are average strengths of the head and neck. The force withstood is dependent on location of impact, strike object size, and bone tissue density amongst other factors.
- Frontal bone (forehead): 1,000 to 1,600lbs of force
- Temporal-parietal (sides of head): 700 - 1900lbs of force.
- Rear skull: 1,440
- Facial: 280 - 520
- Neck (under forward movement): 140
In a full human form crash test simulating a 40mph dead stop impact utilising the HANS device, neck loading was kept under 130lbs whilst the unrestrained head endured over 1,000lbs
"As soon as your head - which weighs, with the helmet, 13 or 14 pounds - has a sudden acceleration, it stretches your neck," (Jim) Downing explains. "If it stretches a little too far, you get a neck fracture or a skull fracture at the base of the skull where your head connects to your spine. With HANS on, the head sort of goes forward then back and looks OK. At the same speed with a fully belted dummy, the head smashes into the steering wheel and it's just appalling. The drivers say, 'Wow. That can't be.' In layman terms, keeping your head close to your body is what it's all about with HANS."
Racing will never be an entirely safe sport. Hopefully the HANS device, or devices similar to it, can cut down on the number of deaths and the severity of the injuries sustained.
We will never know if Senna or Earnhardt could have been saved by a HANS device. But we all know drivers who's lives were saved by it - whether we know it or not.
Information gathered from Stonefeld, Wikipedia, Formula One, Jayski, and Wind Tunnel with Dave Despain.
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